When men get depressed, their symptoms can be different

Substance abuse, such as chronic alcohol consumption, is both a risk factor and coping mechanism for depression, especially in men. — 123rf.com

Depression is a common mental disorder that negatively affects how you feel, think or act.

It is estimated that about 5% of adults suffer from depression.

Although the rate of depression is higher among women (about 5%), compared to men (about 3%), this trend may be due to men having a lower tendency to seek help for the disorder.

It is important to address depression in men as symptoms tend to manifest more as restlessness and impulsiveness in men, which could potentially lead to greater dysfunction in daily life.

A particularly concerning consequence of depression in men is that of higher suicide rates, compared to women (a ratio of almost 5:1), as men tend to use more lethal methods.

There is no one specific cause for depression.

The disorder usually results from the interaction of biological, psychological and social factors.

These same factors can also perpetuate and prolong a depressive episode.

Some known risk factors include:

• Genetic factors, e.g. if a family member has depression or other mental illnesses.
• Psychosocial stress, e.g. unemployment, isolation, changes in life stages, stressful situations, etc.
• Chronic medical issues, or even low testosterone levels.
• Substance abuse, i.e. chronic alcohol use or other illicit substances.

During a depressive episode, a person may experience low mood and other symptoms that include:

• Loss of pleasure or interest in activities
• Restlessness
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Negative cognitions, such as feelings of hopelessness, guilt or suicidal thoughts.

These symptoms usually occur for nearly the entire day for at least two weeks.

The symptoms are persistent and pervasive, leading to reduced ability or inability to carry out meaningful activities.

In essence, depression affects one’s thoughts, feelings, behaviour and ability to handle daily responsibilities.

Symptoms of depression in men differ from women in a number of ways.

For instance, men who are depressed tend to show more aggressive behaviour and irritability, instead of sadness.

Apart from that, physical issues may also arise, such as having a lower sex drive, chest tightness or digestive problems.

Some statistics also suggest that men struggling with depression may turn to drugs or alcohol to cope, with rates of substance use higher in depressed men than in depressed women.

Depression is a medical condition, and like other conditions, re- quires a consultation with a doctor or other healthcare professional.

He or she will be able to evaluate your condition and arrive at a diagnosis either through the conversation, or in other cases, through talking with a family member or friend.

They may also decide if there is a need to involve another health professional in terms of further investigations, medications or talking therapy.

The key thing is to not let the diagnosis make you feel as if you are lesser than others.

There are effective treatment options for depression and recommendations will be given depending on the cause, severity and pattern of depressive episodes.

For example, if depression is caused by a medical condition such as a thyroid condition, treatment would be to address the thyroid disorder.

However, if it is a primary cause unrelated to other medical conditions, your doctor may recommend talking therapy such as cognitive behavioural therapy, and/or anti-depressant medications.

A significant thing to note is that a depressed person does not choose to stay depressed, and depression is not a result of poor choices.

If you feel that you might be struggling with depression, seek a consultation with a professional as soon as possible.

Try to put into place a stable routine that includes regular exercise, social time, and avoid trying to take on too many activities at one time.

It is also helpful to consciously avoid negative coping habits such as resorting to comfort drinking/eating or use of illicit substances.

If you suspect that somebody may have depression, you may direct him to a mental health professional.

It may be more difficult for men to be willing to seek help for depression due to perceptions of societal roles, but constant support and encouragement is always helpful if that person is on a journey to seek help.

While men with depression are at a higher risk of suicide, there are always avenues to reach out for help.

If there is any cause of concern for self-harm or suicide, please seek assistance early with the police or emergency services.

Those suffering from mental health issues or contemplating suicide can reach out to the Mental Health Psychosocial Support Service (03-2935 9935 or 014-322 3392); Talian Kasih (15999 or 019-261 5999 on WhatsApp); Jakim’s (Department of Islamic Development Malaysia) family, social and community care centre (011-1959 8214 on WhatsApp); and Befrienders Kuala Lumpur (03-7627 2929 or click here for a full list of numbers nationwide and operating hours).