KUALA LUMPUR: The sharp increase in the number of vehicles on roads in the federal capital of late may result in the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, where temperatures in the city are warmer than in the suburbs.
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Centre for Innovative Planning and Development director Professor Dr Muhammad Zaly Shah Muhammad Hussein said the phenomenon was aggravated by densely-constructed buildings and paved road surfaces which can form an island of trapped heat in a locality.
"There is a study done in the central business district of Bukit Bintang; when there is traffic congestion on roads filled with tall buildings, the exhaust fumes released cannot disperse into the air but are trapped to create a heat bubble.
"The situation affects city folks with higher utility costs as well as increase energy consumption in buildings to cool the situation (of higher temperature), thus increasing the greenhouse gas content,” he told Bernama.
Federal Territories Deputy Minister Datuk Seri Jalaluddin Alias has reportedly said that the federal capital has registered a 45 per cent increase in the number of vehicles, with 46.76 million recorded in December 2021 compared to 26.51 million in December 2019.
Muhammad Zaly Shah said the probability of the UHI phenomenon occurring is very high during hot and dry weather, with temperatures rising between one and two degrees Celcius compared to normal temperatures.
He also pointed out that air quality was obviously better during the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) due to a smaller volume of vehicles entering the city but worsened after the MCO was lifted.
"As a comparison, on March 18, 2020 (during the MCO) the Air Quality Index (AQI) in Kuala Lumpur was 50 points, but on May 1 this year it was 72 points. The higher the AQI value, the lower the air quality,” he said.
Meanwhile, Prof Dr Mohd Talib Latif - the head of the Sustainable Resources, Environment and Smart Living Research Cluster, Centre for IDEA-Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia - said the number of vehicles was directly proportional to pollution.
He said that the higher the number of vehicles, the higher the levels of air, noise and vibration pollution.
Mohd Talib said gases and fine particulates released by vehicles such as carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ‘Particulate Matter 2.5’ had relatively high concentrations on congested roads.
"Although air pollutants do not necessarily pose an immediate danger to the human respiratory system, they can have long-term effects on health as well as contribute to climate change and global warming through greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide,” he said. - Bernama
