In vitro fertilisation (IVF) has good success rates of around 60-70% cumulatively.
This, however, does depend on individual cases and doesn’t take into consideration the use of any other advanced fertility treatment.
The journey of a pregnancy conceived through IVF is similar to that of a woman who conceives naturally.
Nevertheless, not all IVF journeys sail through smoothly as some may experience a rollercoaster ride.
One of the most challenging and painful experiences that some individuals and couples face during this process is miscarriage.
Despite the advancements in reproductive technology and the careful planning that goes into each IVF cycle, the reality of miscarriage can cast a shadow of sorrow and loss.
This setback can be particularly distressing as it often follows a period of intense optimism and investment in the dream of expanding the family.
Understanding the emotional and physical impacts of miscarriage in the context of IVF is crucial for offering compassionate support and finding paths to healing and resilience.
Factors affecting miscarriage
Some people believe that undergoing IVF automatically results in a pregnancy, and eventually, the delivery of a healthy baby.
However, each individual is unique, based on their health status, which can be affected by their medical history, lifestyle (e.g. smoking, alcohol, stress) and many other factors.
The potential risk of pregnancy loss from natural conception is mainly influenced by the woman’s age (35 years or older), her weight (if she are overweight or obese), if she has a history of recurrent miscarriage, microbial infections and elevated reproductive hormones.
For conception via IVF, the potential risk of a miscarriage is also related to certain factors specific to women with infertility, including:
For those under the age of 35, the miscarriage rate is 10-15%.
It increases to 20-30% for those aged 35 to 39 years old, and 30-50% for those aged 40 and above.
This is when the embryo formed during IVF has aberrations in their chromosomes that do not let the embryo to develop properly.
These are abnormalities in the womb (or uterus) that make it difficult for the embryo to implant or grow properly.
This syndrome involves hormonal imbalances that can negatively affect the lining of the uterus and implantation of the embryo.
This can result in the embryo having trouble attaching itself to the uterus, as the endometrial lining is the innermost layer of uterine tissue.
When it happens repeatedly, it is known recurrent implantation failure and results in a much higher risk of miscarriage.
Pregnancy can aggravate the woman’s autoimmune disease, triggering a flare-up that can affect the pregnancy and result in a miscarriage.
Signs of an impending miscarriage include:
- Vaginal bleeding – this can vary from light spotting to heavy bleeding similar to a menstrual period
- Cramping or abdominal pain – most often felt in the lower abdomen or back
- Lower back pain
- Pelvic pain – similar to menstrual pain.
If you, a family member or friend experiences any of these signs, it is advisable to see your doctor as soon as possible.
Tips to reduce miscarriage
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), for pregnant women with high daily caffeine intake (more than 300mg per day), lowering daily caffeine intake during pregnancy will reduce the risk of pregnancy loss, as well as the risk of having a low birth weight infant.
Avoid being around harmful substances or environmental toxins that could affect pregnancy outcomes, such as hazardous chemicals.
Try to get some rest in a serene ambience after the IVF process and during the early pregnancy stage.
Seek support from loved ones, counselling or support groups to cope with the emotional challenges of IVF.
Engage in stress-relief techniques like meditation or hobbies that do not use high intensity physical strength, in order to keep your stress levels in check.
Maintain a balanced diet, and avoid smoking and alcohol consumption.
Don’t skip any medications given by your doctor.
And above all, attend all scheduled appointments with your fertility specialist for monitoring and adjustments to medications, if needed, to avoid miscarriage after IVF.
When to try again
After experiencing a miscarriage, many individuals wonder about their future fertility and when it’s appropriate to consider attempting another IVF cycle.
Here are some recommendations:
It’s essential to allow your body time to recover physically from the miscarriage.
Your healthcare provider can advise you on when it’s safe to start another IVF cycle.
Give yourself time to grieve and heal emotionally.
It’s important to be in a good emotional state before embarking on another IVF cycle.
Before trying again, it may be beneficial to undergo a thorough health assessment to identify any underlying health issues that could affect a future pregnancy.
Discuss your plans to try again with your doctor.
They can provide guidance based on your individual circumstances.
While experiencing a miscarriage can be emotionally challenging, it does not necessarily indicate future IVF failure.
However, multiple miscarriages may warrant further investigation into potential underlying issues that could be affecting the success of the IVF.
Dr Senthi Muthuraman is a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist. For more information, email starhealth@thestar.com.my. The information provided is for educational and communication purposes only, and should not be considered as medical advice. The Star does not give any warranty on accuracy, completeness, functionality, usefulness or other assurances as to the content appearing in this article. The Star disclaims all responsibility for any losses, damage to property or personal injury suffered directly or indirectly from reliance on such information.
Already a subscriber? Log in
Get 20% OFF The Star Digital Access
Cancel anytime. Ad-free. Unlimited access with perks.
