A look at the greenest smartphone makers

With no unifying or international rating or certification currently awarded, how do you judge the impact that your shiny new smartphone is having on the environment?

It's a question that's currently almost impossible to answer. If a phone is judged simply based on the energy it consumes when in use, then all premium handsets from all of the major manufacturers will score very highly. A smartphone costs less than US$1 (RM3) a year to keep charged; however, how much energy went into its creation, was it made from recycled materials, and what happens to it once it is no longer fit for purpose or until a better model comes along?