FILE PHOTO: Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico speaks during an event to mark the 130th anniversary of construction of the Maria Valeria Bridge in Esztergom, Hungary, September 28, 2025. REUTERS/Bernadett Szabo/File Photo
(Reuters) -The European Commission opened a case against Slovakia on Friday over what it said was a breach of EU law after the country amended its constitution to assert national sovereignty over matters such as gender and family law.
Slovakia, under the leadership of pro-Russian populist Prime Minister Robert Fico, has increasingly clashed with European Union partners over the bloc's stance toward Russia's invasion of Ukraine, climate policies and social issues.
In September, Slovakia adopted a constitutional change which said local laws would take precedence over EU legislation in matters concerning national identity, including family and gender, which Fico said was a "dam against progressivism".
The Commission said on Friday it had sent a letter of formal notice to Slovakia over the changes.
TOUGHER RELATIONS WITH EU
"This (change) contravenes the principle of the primacy of EU law, which is a fundamental element of the EU legal order, together with the principles of autonomy, effectiveness, and uniform application of Union law," it said in a statement.
"Even when a Member State amends its constitution, such an exercise of national competence cannot circumvent the need to comply with fundamental principles of Union law."
Slovakia has two months to respond.
The constitutional amendment states that male and female will be the only recognised genders, and that school curriculums must respect cultural and ethical positions enshrined in the constitution. It also tightens rules on adoption.
Fico has railed against liberal democracy and spoken of benefits of government efficiency in undemocratic countries.
He has also called for limiting the number of parties in Slovakia to make forming governments easier.
Last week, Fico said that while the EU was a great project, it was not well-led. He has also spoken of the need to be prepared for the bloc's potential collapse.
Slovak pro-Western opposition has accused Fico of laying the groundwork for exiting the EU.
Fico has met Russian President Vladimir Putin since Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, including a private meeting in December 2024.
After protests against his pro-Russian stance following that trip, he accused opposition activists of preparing a coup.
Tens of thousands protested across Slovakia against Fico's policies on the November 17 anniversary of the 1989 end of communist rule.
(Reporting by Jan Lopatka in PragueEditing by Gareth Jones)
