As a tourist destination, Marrakech is known for its squares, beautiful mosques and bustling markets. — Pixabay
When Morocco’s top tourist city was recently rocked by the country’s deadliest earthquake in six decades, Hicham Aamran and his family fled to a nearby square, terrified their apartment building would collapse.
They’ve camped there since, sleeping in the open and too afraid of aftershocks to return to their Marrakech home, as the kingdom reckons with the social and economic toll of a disaster that’s left more than 2,000 people dead.
The catastrophe deals a stunning blow to the country of 37 million that views itself an island of stability in North Africa and which has been a bright spot for investors wary of the region’s other economies.
Marrakech, famed for its buzzing markets, ornate courtyard homes and nearby ski slopes, is due to welcome thousands of officials to the annual International Monetary Fund and World Bank meetings in October.
“The strength of the tremor was too terrifying to stay indoors,” said Aamran, an assistant manager at a car rental firm. He said he fears for relatives in the town of Imintanout, 128km to Marrakech’s southwest and near the quake’s epicentre.
“They need real rescuers, and bread.”
Morocco’s strongest quake in 120 years struck the High Atlas mountains on Sept 8, tearing across the poverty-stricken al-Haouz and Taroudant regions and flattening villages of mud-brick homes, while damaging the winding roads key to aid and rescue efforts.
The World Health Organisation says 300,000 people in Marrakech and beyond have been affected. A Red Crescent official warned the response would take “months, if not years”.
Tourism industry
Parts of Marrakech’s Unesco-listed historic centre sustained serious damage, with masonry raining down on parked cars and some of its storied alleyways collapsing. One much-shared video on social media showed the 12th-century Kutubiyya mosque shaking as screams punctured the night sky.
About 10.9 million tourists visited Morocco last year, a vital driver of the US$140bil (RM654.5bil) economy alongside agriculture and trade with the European Union. Those have helped the country bolster its credit quality. The government has a BB+ rating from S&P Global Ratings, a step below investment grade and one of the highest levels in Africa.
Villagers surveying the rubble of destroyed buildings following an earthquake near Amizmiz, in the Al Haouz region of Morocco. — Bloomberg
While a short-term hit seems likely, the country’s size and diversity of attractions may provide a cushion. Tourism in Turkiye, which was hurt by disastrous earthquakes in its eastern provinces in February, mostly rebounded with surging summer arrivals to the Mediterranean coast and Istanbul.
Flights from Europe’s major airlines were still arriving in Marrakech on Sunday (Sept 10).
The quake probably won’t “impact Morocco’s economy as a whole, but it will hurt the local economy, especially the many villages that live off tourism on the outskirts of Marrakech and the city itself,” said Rachid Aourraz, head of research at the MIPA Institute, a think tank in the capital, Rabat.
Income inequality
The events have shone a spotlight on Morocco’s disparities. While Marrakech has long been the haunt of statesmen, celebrities and billionaires – from Winston Churchill to Richard Branson and David Beckham – a short drive away lie settlements with poor access to basic services.
In the High Atlas, prominent businessman and philanthropist Karim Tazi said the situation was “dramatic”, with authorities racing to clear roads and get blood donations to local hospitals. “Unfortunately a large number of people are still under the rubble,” he said by text message on Sunday.
For Youssef Barakat, who works at the Kasbah Angour hotel in the High Atlas, the quake felt “like the sky fell”. Several of the hotel’s 27 rooms will need major repairs, forcing them to shut for at least two weeks.
“Our building is modern, which is not the case for the vast majority of houses and small hotels in the area,” Barakat said. “Too many villages were destroyed and there is a lot of death.”
There’s been no estimate yet of the total damage caused by the deadliest quake to strike Morocco since 1960, when 12,000 people were killed around the Atlantic coastal city of Agadir.
Tents in Amizmiz have been set up to shelter people who were displaced by the earthquake. — AP
Any large-scale reconstruction would pile more pressure on an economy jolted by two years of droughts and may disrupt the government’s efforts to improve its finances.
This year, there were signs of improvement. They included the country’s return to international bond markets in March after an absence of more than two years. It issued US$2.5bil (RM11.69bil) of five-year and 10.5-year notes.
“With thousands of people dead or critically injured this is certainly a human tragedy,” said Todd Schubert, Dubai-based head of fixed-income research at Bank of Singapore. “However, the scale of destruction appears to have largely spared critical infrastructure, which is important. Outside aid will help blunt the fiscal impact. I expect that the impact on spreads, beyond the immediate knee jerk reaction, will be modest.”
Before the earthquake, authorities were targeting economic growth of 3.4% this year and planning to trim a budget deficit from 4.5% of gross domestic product to 4% in 2024. The country’s poorest were set to get improved access to subsidies via a direct-aid programme.
In Morocco’s favour is a string of allies. The United States, France, Turkiye and Britain were among many countries pledging assistance, including first responders and search dogs. So, too, were the United Arab Emirates, Israel – with which Morocco made a landmark peace deal in 2020 – and Algeria, a long-time foe that says it will open its airspace for aid efforts. King Mohammed VI has thanked those offering help, without saying they’ll be accepted.
The World Bank conveyed its “profoundest condolences” and full support to Morocco. “Our sole focus at this stage is on the Moroccan people and the authorities who are dealing with this tragedy,” it said in a statement, making no reference to the meetings due to start in less than a month.
Morocco’s hosting of the events, the first on the African continent in half a century, was expected to bring thousands of high-spending visitors to Marrakech.
The meetings were first scheduled for 2021 but faced two years of delays due to the Covid-19 pandemic. There’s been no word on whether the quake will affect plans, although much of greater Marrakech has emerged unscathed.
King Mohammed was overseas when the disaster hit, and although he returned swiftly it reminded Moroccans of the long periods the 60-year-old monarch spends outside the country, few of which are officially disclosed. The king owns multiple properties in France.
People close to Morocco’s “Makhzen” – the centuries-old web of advisers, security officials, military men and business interests that orbits the monarchy – have expressed increasing discontent over his absences, as well as over a much- publicised friendship with a trio of German-raised cage wrestlers known as the Azaitar brothers.
The financial impact of the quake will become clearer over time. Many of those worse hit by the disaster rely on small-scale farming or other low-paid jobs and “can’t afford the massive cost of rebuilding their homes”, according to Aourraz.
The government, too, may struggle. “They are dealing with swathes of damaged regions that require roads, water, electricity, and much more,” he said. – Bloomberg
