Ladies, this is the second most common infection of the vagina

Taking antibiotics can trigger a yeast infection as the medicine may also kill off normal vaginal bacteria. — dpa

A yeast infection, also known as thrush or vaginal candidiasis, is a common vaginal infection caused by a type of fungus called Candida.

It is the second most common vaginal infection in women.

The vaginal canal has “good” Lactobacillus bacteria, which form the normal vaginal flora.

Small amounts of Candida can be present in the vagina without causing any symptoms.

However, if there is disruption to the normal vaginal flora, Candida can overgrow, sometimes affecting the deeper layers of the vagina and resulting in a yeast infection.

Typical symptoms of this infection include:

• An itch in the vulva and/or the vagina
• Discomfort – often described as a burning sensation
• Pain or soreness, which may be more evident during sexual intercourse or urination
• Abnormal vaginal discharge – commonly described as clumpy, curd-like or cottage cheese-like, which is white, yellow or green in colour.

Risk factors for a yeast infection include:

• Antibiotic ingestion – even if it is for an unrelated infection, as the antibiotics can kill the good vaginal flora, allowing yeast overgrowth
• A weakened immune system, which may occur in those with poorly controlled diabetes or on immunosuppressive medication
• Pregnancy, due to the hormonal and bodily changes
• Increased levels of oestrogen, e.g. in women on birth control pills
• Certain behaviours like douching

Although a yeast infection is not a sexually transmitted disease (STD), it can be triggered via sexual contact.

The use of sex toys and lubricants can disrupt the vaginal flora and result in such an infection.

Yeast infections can often be diagnosed clinically, based on clinical history and physical examination.

Your doctor may also do a swab test to exclude other vaginal infections, as some STDs have similar symptoms or may coexist with the yeast infection.

The infection can be treated with antifungal medication, which can be taken orally (tablets) or intra-vaginally (cream or vaginal pessaries).

For women who suffer from recurrent yeast infections (i.e. at least four episodes a year), regular suppressive antifungal medications may be recommended.

Intravaginal boric acid is an alternative to antifungal medication.

If a yeast infection goes untreated, one may experience worsening symptoms.

In some cases, open wounds from scratching can get infected and additional anti-bacterial medication may be required.

Women who have had a yeast infection are more likely to have another one.

While yeast infections may not be fully preventable, you can reduce your risk by avoiding douching, the use of harsh soaps or scented feminine care products; and opting for loose, breathable cotton underwear.

Avoid unnecessary antibiotics that may kill off your good vaginal flora.

Yeast infections are extremely common and treatable, and there is no need to suffer in silence if you are experiencing one.

Dr Grace Huang is a general practitioner (GP) in Singapore. For more information, email [e-mail]. The information provided is for educational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice. The Star does not give any warranty on accuracy, completeness, functionality, usefulness or other assurances as to the content appearing in this column. The Star disclaims all responsibility for any losses, damage to property or personal injury suffered directly or indirectly from reliance on such information.