NEW YORK: A strong US employment report caught investors in the US$30 trillion Treasury bond market off guard, sending yields surging as traders lowered their expectations for Federal Reserve (Fed) interest-rate cuts this year.
Yields on two-year notes – which are most sensitive to the central bank’s policy changes – jumped as much as 9.5 basis points to 3.55%, then eased back to 3.5% by the end of Wednesday’s trading session.
Benchmark 10-year yields rose three basis points to 4.17% after a US$42bil auction of the securities saw demand fall short of expectations.
Traders had been bracing for a weak report based on other labour-market indicators and predictions of slower job growth in comments this week by two US administration officials.
After the data they began pricing in the Fed’s next rate reduction in July, versus June previously. Those meetings fall after Fed chair Jerome Powell’s term ends in May.
“The market came into this expecting a weak number and got the opposite,” said John Briggs, head of US rates strategy at Natixis. “As for market pricing of cuts, it’s falling as one would expect given the Fed’s focus on the labour market.”
Interest-rate swaps after the data showed traders see less than a 5% chance that policymakers lower rates when they meet in March. A total of 52 basis points of easing were priced in by December, compared with 59 basis points on Tuesday.
In listed interest-rate options, flows tied to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) were consistent with liquidation of hedges that targeted Fed rate cuts during the first half of this year.
SOFR is a market rate that’s guided by the Fed’s policy rate.
The jobs report showed nonfarm payrolls increased 130,000 last month, about double the median estimate of economists surveyed by Bloomberg.
The unemployment rate unexpectedly fell to 4.3% from 4.4%.
The strong readings invited speculation into how Kevin Warsh, President Donald Trump’s pick to become the next Fed chair, will handle policy.
Warsh, who needs Senate confirmation to succeed Powell, “might have a harder time convincing the hawks to vote for cuts, if that is in fact his bias,” said Subadra Rajappa, a strategist at Societe Generale.
“The strong headline and uptick in wages argues for a more cautious approach to policy.”
Trump – who has been pressuring the Fed to lower borrowing costs – called the job report “great” on social media and said the United States “should be paying MUCH LESS on its Borrowings (BONDS!).” He wrote that the United States could save US$1 trillion a year in interest cost, leading to a balanced budget. Interest expense on the debt in fiscal 2025 was US$1.22 trillion.
On Wednesday, the Congressional Budget Office jacked up its estimate of deficits for the coming decade by US$1.4 trillion, citing Trump’s 2025 tax law and immigration policies.
Overall, the jobs report – whose release was delayed by several days due to a US government shutdown – lent support to Fed officials who want to hold rates steady after three cuts last year to shore up the labour market. The December cut faced resistance from several policymakers who want to see inflation cool further. — Bloomberg
