PETALING JAYA: The haze now hitting the country is not just bad for people with asthma and respiratory infections, but could also be dangerous for older folk who are frail, live alone or have dementia.
Those with such conditions are at risk and should avoid being outdoors during haze episodes, say medical experts.
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Those with atopy, such as rhinitis and asthma, are among the most vulnerable, said Datuk Dr Balwant Singh Gendeh, a senior ear, nose and throat consultant.
Those with a history of chest or lung infections such as bronchopneumonia are also at serious risk.
“These conditions can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease getting worse.
“People with rhinitis and asthma are more prone to contracting this due to airway connectivity, where particulate matter travels from the nose, sinuses and eventually to the lungs,” he said.
Dr Balwant, a fellow at the Academy of Sciences Malaysia, cautioned that allergic conjunctivitis conditions can also worsen during the haze.
“Air pollutants can lodge themselves in the cornea, leading to watery, painful and even red eyes,” he said.
He said besides avoiding the outdoors, those using public transport should also wear masks.
“There could always be someone with a chest infection on board. If they cough, these high-risk individuals can contract it.”
Universiti Malaya Medical Centre’s (UMMC) Prof Dr Tan Maw Pin said the haze can pose risks for older folk with chronic lung diseases, heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease or other medical conditions.
The frail elderly or those with dementia, limited mobility or dependence on others are also particularly vulnerable as they may not recognise or be unable to communicate their discomfort or take protective measures.
“The haze should not be regarded merely as an inconvenience or as a problem confined to the lungs. For older people, it can destabilise chronic conditions and may result in a loss of function or independence.
“Relatives, neighbours and residential care facilities should pay particular attention to older people who are frail, live alone or have dementia,” she said, adding that medical attention should be sought promptly for worsening health conditions.
Dr Tan, who is UMMC’s head of Geriatric Services, said older individuals should regularly monitor the Air Pollutant Index.
“Reduce unnecessary outdoor activities when readings enter the unhealthy range. Doors and windows should also be kept closed.
“Using the air conditioning on recirculation mode and a suitable air purifier may help reduce exposure to particles indoors,” she said.
Tan also stressed the importance of continuing regular medications, particularly inhalers and medicines.
“Families should ensure they have supplies available and check on older relatives who live alone,” she said.
