Going on a vegan diet? Plan it properly to avoid nutritional deficiencies

Fermented foods like tempeh cannot be relied upon to fulfil a vegan’s requirement for vitamin B12. — Wikimedia Commons

After reading recent articles, I am wondering about whether vegans can get enough vitamin B12 and enough choline, and if there are other elements that are problematic for them. I have an adult child who has become vegan after years of being vegetarian. He does not cook much and eats a lot of prepared foods, which is not the best anyway, but now I wonder about these issues. I hope you can offer some advice. Thank you, Carolynn.

Dear Carolynn,