Doctors can get their caffeine fix without worrying that an infectious organism might come along with it, according to this German study. — AFP
Healthcare workers will be relieved to know that hospital coffee machines are not responsible for spreading disease and a general ban doesn’t seem necessary, finds a study published in the Christmas (2023) issue of The BMJ (which features research with a humorous take).
In a bid to eliminate hospital acquired (nosocomial) infections, various objects have been investigated as breeding grounds for bacteria, including doctors’ ties, and even hospital Bibles.
But despite being regularly touched by lots of bare hands, the potential of hospital coffee machines as a source of infection had not been previously explored.
To address this, researchers in Germany assessed the microbial population in healthcare-associated coffee machines, with a focus on the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) high priority “ESKAPE” pathogens: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species.
These bacteria pose an increasing threat because they are resistant to many antibiotics and can lead to fatal bloodstream or catheter-associated infections.
From Oct 31 to Dec 31, 2022, the researchers swabbed a total of 25 coffeemakers spanning the range of fully automatic, capsule and espresso machines.
Seventeen were from break rooms and offices at a university hospital’s Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and at the Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene – both in Cologne, Germany.
A further eight were in staff members’ homes.
All coffeemakers had been in use for at least a year, and none were specially cleaned before sampling.
There was no current disease outbreak at any of the locations at the time of sampling.
Each of the coffeemakers was swabbed at five specified sites on the machine: the drip tray, the outlet, the buttons, the handle of the water tank, and the inside of the water tank.
Species were identified from cultures using spectrometry.
Typical pathogens were grouped into “medically relevant“ and commensals into “atypical pathogens“ and differentiated by Gram type: positive or negative (the latter have an outer membrane that aids antibiotic resistance).
Unsurprisingly, microbial growth was detected on every coffee machine.
Hospital machines were about three times as heavily colonised (360 strains isolated from 72 positive swabs) as home machines (135 strains isolated from 34 positive swabs).
Most detected species were commensals (bacteria that live on the skin or in the gut, and pose no threat to health).
Only a few medically-relevant pathogens were identified, and none were antibiotic resistant.
Among the eight types of medically-relevant Gram-negative species detected, 81% were in coffeemakers at the hospital.
These were mainly collected from drip trays, outlets and water tank handles, emphasising the need to follow hand hygiene protocols.
S. aureus was the only Gram-positive disease-causing species collected: once on the buttons of a home coffeemaker and once on the inside of a water tank at the hospital.
This suggests that users’ hands touch even unlikely parts of the machines, note the authors.
“To our great relief, despite their potential for pathogen origins in nosocomial outbreaks, a general ban on coffeemakers doesn’t seem necessary,” they write.
What’s more, the study has reportedly resulted in extensive cleaning measures.
They add: “Our thoughts now turn to tea-drinking nations.
“Are teapots, kettles and hot water spouts similar breeding grounds for bacteria?
“Are the high temperatures in the pots sufficient to kill all potential pathogens?
“And what about the handles?”
