Nuclear back in the spotlight

Potentially safer: GE Vernova Hitachi’s BWRX-300 is currently the only boiling water small modular reactor design under development in the United States. — Photo: GE Vernova Hitachi

NUCLEAR power is experiencing a renaissance in public and policy circles.

In Malaysia and globally, the renewed interest is driven by growing concerns over climate change, energy security, and the need for sustainable, low-carbon energy sources.

TA Research, in a report released in May this year, highlighted that around 398GW of nuclear reactor capacity is currently in operation worldwide, accounting for about 9% of the global electricity generation.

Another 70GW is reportedly under construction.

Proponents argue that while renewable energy sources like solar and hydro are critical to the transition, they face limitations – particularly intermittency and land-use requirements.

Solar only works when the sun shines, and hydro depends on specific geography and rainfall.

These sources can’t always deliver consistent power like baseload generation, which is currently provided largely by fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas.

Nuclear energy, however, offers a low-carbon alternative that can deliver constant, reliable electricity around the clock – without the greenhouse gas emissions of fossil fuels.

Coal currently accounts for 59% of Malaysia’s generation mix, and more than half of this coal capacity is scheduled to expire within the next eight years, TA Research noted.

The government aims to include nuclear energy in the power mix by 2031, as outlined in the 13th Malaysia Plan.

Numerous Asean countries are also exploring nuclear energy, each at different stages of development. But is it safe?

Long-term storage and disposal of radioactive waste remain major unresolved issues worldwide. There is also the high cost associated with nuclear development.

Some also reckon that solar energy can be exploited more considering the latest technological developments in the sector. Nuclear energy will also face a significant “Nimby” or “not in my backyard” issue.

Given these challenges, Malaysia’s approach is likely to be more gradual – potentially beginning with small modular reactors, which are considered more flexible and potentially safer.

However, public trust remains the biggest hurdle due to safety concerns. Transparent engagement and public education will be essential to shift the narrative.

Equally important is the development of a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework, along with addressing gaps in technical expertise.