Vehicles at an Audi showroom in Miami, March 29, 2025. (Saul Martinez/The New York Times)
WASHINGTON: U.S. retail sales surged in March as households boosted purchases of motor vehicles ahead of tariffs, though concerns about the economic outlook are hurting discretionary spending.
Retail sales increased 1.4% last month after an unrevised 0.2% rise in February, the Commerce Department's Census Bureau said on Wednesday. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast retail sales, which are mostly goods and are not adjusted for inflation, accelerating 1.3%.
President Donald Trump's 25% global car and truck tariffs came into effect in early April, with industry analysts and manufacturers warning that the duties would significantly raise motor vehicle prices.
Motor vehicle manufacturers reported a big jump in auto sales in March, attributed by some to a rush by buyers "to try and beat the tariffs."
Consumers are also stocking up on other imported goods. Bank credit and debit card data suggest spending continues to be driven by high-income households with low-income consumers struggling. There is less discretionary spending, which is mostly on services, the main engine of the economy.
With the stock market selling off as the import duties stoke fears of inflation and stagnation in economic growth or even a recession, there are concerns high-income households could start retrenching if the values of their investment portfolios continue to shrink.
Consumer sentiment is near three-year lows, with 12-month inflation expectations the highest since 1981. Mass layoffs of public workers as part of an unprecedented campaign by the Trump administration to downsize the federal government are also weighing on morale and could be a potential drag on spending.
"Bank of America card data indicates that 'nice-to-have' discretionary services spending eased in March, while more inflation-driven spending on necessities such as insurance, rent and utilities continues to rise," Bank of America Institute said in a note.
Retail sales excluding automobiles, gasoline, building materials and food services rose 0.4% in March after an upwardly revised 1.3% advance in February. These so-called core retail sales correspond most closely with the consumer spending component of gross domestic product.
Economists had forecast core retail sales rising 0.6% after a previously reported 1.0% jump in February.
Despite the strength in core retail sales in the last two months, economists expect consumer spending slowed considerably in the first quarter because of sluggish outlays on services.
Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of the economy, grew at a 4.0% annualized rate in the October-December quarter.
Economic growth estimates for the first quarter are mostly below a 0.5% rate. The Atlanta Federal Reserve is currently forecasting GDP contracting at a 0.3% pace after adjusting for imports and exports of gold. The economy grew at a 2.4% pace in the fourth quarter. - Reuters
