Danger from above: Flames are seen in Cambodia as Thai military forces fire a flare during skirmishes in Surin province, Thailand; (below) the Thai military fires artillery across the border towards Cambodia. — AP
KUN YONG said he had been forced to pull back from his frontline position recently after he had trouble breathing following a sortie by a Thai aircraft.
“It’s like I was suffocating,” the soldier said as he lay in a hospital bed, with his wife by his side.
Since early December, Thailand and Cambodia have been locked in a border conflict that has killed more than 40 people and displaced over half a million in both countries, marking the fiercest fighting between the two South-East Asian nations in decades.
From their hospital beds in Banteay Meanchey province in northern Cambodia, several soldiers and police described experiencing respiratory problems after Thai aircraft dropped what they said was “poisonous water”.
Cambodia’s Ministry of Defence has claimed on almost a daily basis that the Thai military is using “toxic gas”, including as recently as Wednesday in the village where Kun Yong had been stationed.
In a statement, the Cambodian ministry called the use of gas, among other tactics, a clear violation of international law.
It has not named the suspected gas, provided evidence, or said whether it has formally protested its use to international authorities.
The Thai military fires artillery towards Cambodia, Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2025, in Surin province, Thailand. (AP Photo/Wason Wanichakorn)
Thai Air Force spokesman Air Marshal Jackkrit Thammavichai said that the air force had never used chemical weapons, and called reports of their use “fake news” aimed at discrediting its operations.
“If it were chemical weapons, they wouldn’t be experiencing difficulties breathing, they would have died,” he said.
During fighting in July, Cambodia accused Thailand of using white phosphorus munitions, which burn brightly and produce clouds of billowing smoke, describing it as chemical warfare.
Thailand acknowledged holding such munitions, but said at the time it was not designated as a chemical weapon under international conventions and was used for illumination, as a smoke screen, and for other approved uses.
According to the World Health Organization, exposure to white phosphorus fumes is harmful to the eyes and respiratory tract.
Cambodia has not specified whether it blames white phosphorous for the latest injuries.
Bong Bunnarith, a doctor at a hospital in Banteay Meanchey province, said he received around 20 soldiers last week with symptoms of dizziness, vomiting and difficulty breathing, but he could not determine exactly what had caused those symptoms without further testing.
“We provided whatever is available for them here before transferring to other hospitals,” he said.
At another hospital – in Sisophon district in Banteay Meanchey – doctor Nak Vanny said he had treated twenty soldiers all presenting with similar symptoms.
Several soldiers lay on beds, some using oxygen masks.
“They fired the poisonous smoke at our bases from the air to poison us,” said soldier Khat Phally, 66.
Khieu Sophan, a 55-year-old policeman, said: “A moment after the firing, I felt like I was suffocating, and my body suddenly weakening.” — Reuters
