Residents of Syracuse, New York – America’s snowiest city – once barraged a service hotline with street neglect complaints during blizzards, even if ploughs had passed two hours earlier but the work was hidden by fresh snow.
Now public trust seems to be rising as Syracuse and other cities across the US integrate upgrades such as video monitoring, GPS mapping and artificial intelligence into snow operations that once relied almost entirely on manual planning.
Syracuse was one of the first to revamp the way it deploys its snowploughs, and complaint calls have dropped by 30% under the new system, said Conor Muldoon, the city’s chief innovation officer.
"People will look out their window and say, ‘Hey, you guys are doing a terrible job’,” Muldoon said. "And we can point to a public map and say, ‘Here’s all the breadcrumbs for when that plough was there’.”
Snowier than usual in the US snow capital
Each winter, Syracuse averages 126 inches (3.2m) of snow, more than any other US city of at least 100,000 people. Even before the blizzard that pounded the Northeast last week, the city had already surpassed its typical average due to a record 2-foot (60cm) accumulation on one day in late December.
With a goal of clearing every street within 24 hours after a storm, Syracuse partnered in 2021 with San Francisco-based Samsara to put live GPS tracking and dashcams on city fleet vehicles including snowploughs. Integrated with GIS mapping software, the system allows officials to monitor live video and plough locations in real time.
While residents can’t access live feeds, they can view a public map that updates every five minutes to show which roads have been cleared.
Samsara started incorporating AI into its products in 2019. This winter, for the first time, it has provided customers with footage from other cameras within its large network, helping officials better understand conditions on a street even when no worker is there.
Kiren Sekar, the company's chief product officer, cited an example of needing to dispatch the closest plough for a snow emergency in Plainwell, Michigan.
"Rather than having to sift through a list of vehicles, it can actually figure this out: ‘We've got Trevor in vehicle 203, 15 minutes away,'” Sekar said.
New York City’s approach
Samsara partners with communities of various sizes to upgrade their snowplough systems, but the nation's largest city – New York City – developed its own.
Its tracking program known as BladeRunner monitors snow removal equipment (including garbage trucks with ploughs attached) while a human in a command center – not AI – analyses the GPS data. The city is exploring AI in the future to process the thousands of 311 calls and online service requests it can get in a single day.
The other way the big city's approach differs from its upstate neighbour of Syracuse is that each plough runs a specific route during storms, ensuring main and side streets get essentially the same treatment.
"So what it does is allow equity,” said Joshua Goodman, deputy commissioner at the city’s Department of Sanitation.
Typically 99% of the city's roads will be ploughed within the first four hours after a moderate snowfall under ideal conditions, but Goodman said it didn't quite meet that mark during last week's historic storm.
Cutting costs and insurance claims
With US cities and states spending upward of US$4bil (RM15.77bil) each year on snow operations, the new technology also helps assure roads aren't overploughed or oversalted, which can cause environmental damage.
Fayetteville, Arkansas, launched a public-facing snow removal map for the first time this winter. It reported improvements in ploughing time, labor costs and fuel savings, despite enduring about double the snow from a year ago.
"This is the first year some roads have ever been treated or ploughed, and that goes right back to being able to see where we need to go and if we’ve been there,” said Ross Jackson Jr., the city's fleet operations manager.
The township of Edison, New Jersey, reduced its spending on salt and brine by 35% and its insurance payouts by 60%, thanks to video that helped prove plough drivers usually weren't at fault when the vehicles collided with another motorist's car.
Video installed on snowploughs in Iowa helped demonstrate that all but one of 12 snowplough accidents in a single day were the other driver's fault, said Craig Bargfrede, the state’s winter operations administrator.
"How can you not see this big orange truck with flashing lights ahead of you?” he said. "Boom, they just drive right into us.”
Kalamazoo County was the first county in Michigan to employ turn-by-turn navigation to dispatch snowploughs during a storm. Rusty McClain, assistant general superintendent of its Road Commission, called it a huge improvement in efficiency.
"The old-school way of doing it, that bird’s eye view of where everyone needs to go to plough, was just in a large book with paper maps,” McClain said. "You’d have to pull over, find the page you’re looking for, call somebody on the phone and ask if they have ploughed that area.” – AP
