THE Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) is deeply saddened by the massive floods that hit Penang and Kedah on Nov 4 and 5, which necessitated the evacuation of more than 1,900 people and also caused loss of human lives.
The scale of the flooding was unprecedented. According to official data, the rainfall recorded in many locations in these two states exceeded the 100-year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI).
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