PETALING JAYA: Sarawak is implementing a comprehensive system to control rabies, ranging from mandatory dog vaccinations to cross-border enforcement.
The state Department of Veterinary Services said collaboration between the government and the community is key to further reducing rabies cases in the state.
Although other parts of Malaysia remain rabies-free, the disease remains a serious threat, particularly if pets miss vaccinations.
Earlier this month, a 10-year-old boy reportedly died from rabies after not receiving timely medical attention following a bite.
Since the outbreak was declared in 2017, the Health Ministry has recorded 91 human rabies cases in Sarawak, resulting in 84 deaths, a fatality rate of around 93%.
Sarawak leaders have acknowledged the ongoing threat, noting that about half of reported bites and scratches involve cats as well as stray dogs.
State Department of Veterinary Services director Datu Dr Adrian Susin Ambud said rabies deaths also occur in neighbouring countries facing similar challenges.
“In 2025, Kalimantan Barat recorded five deaths, Bali 16, Thailand seven, Vietnam 16 and the Philippines 17 in 2026,” he said, adding that it took Mexico 10 years to reach zero deaths.
He added that rabies in Sarawak is currently concentrated in Kuching, Samarahan, Serian and Bintulu, though vaccinations remain crucial statewide.
“Rabies persists mainly because not all dogs are vaccinated and many roam freely. Once the virus is in the dog population, it can spread quickly through bites.
“Cross-border movement, hard-to-reach areas and low public awareness also complicate control efforts,” he said.
Targeted measures, such as the Immune Belt Enforcement Team under the Sarawak Security and Enforcement Unit, have improved vaccination coverage and limited spread in border areas.
Adrian stressed that controlling rabies at the animal level, alongside prompt post-bite treatment, is the most effective way to prevent human cases.
“Animal bite clinics are available at all health facilities in Sarawak and monitored by the state Health Department,” he said.
Adrian emphasised that rabies control requires coordinated government and community action.
“Mass vaccinations, mandatory licensing, mobile veterinary teams, strengthened border control and enhanced surveillance are essential.
“Communities can help by vaccinating pets annually, keeping them confined, reporting bites promptly and supporting vaccination and sterilisation programmes.
“With laws in place under the Local Authorities Dog Licensing and Control By-laws 2018, consistent enforcement and collaboration are key to keeping rabies under control,” he added.
