A Pharmaceutical Services Division officer shows some of the products, including instant coffee, seized by the division that illegally contain sexual performance enhancers like sildenafil. — Filepic
Malaysia has witnessed a significant rise in coffee consumption, driven largely by the expanding middle class and increased exposure to global coffee trends through social media and other influences.
Despite these evolving trends, the traditional practice of drinking coffee at village stalls remains deeply rooted and continues to serve as a leisurely social activity, as well as a space for community interaction.
At the same time, growing demand for coffee, whether at traditional stalls or in cafes and restaurants, has contributed to the popularity of instant coffee as a convenient option for those seeking a quick caffeine boost.
With the increasing availability of convenient coffee products, the market has also seen a rise in items promoted with claims such as “extra power”, “enhanced energy”, “supercharged energy” or “improved focus”.
While these bold promises may sound appealing, they raise important questions about whether such claims are supported by scientific evidence, or are merely the result of aggressive marketing strategies.
Dangerous additions
Recent concerns have highlighted issues related to product safety and quality, as some instant coffee products have been found to contain prohibited substances or harmful contaminants added to produce immediate effects, potentially compromising consumer health and safety.
For instance, the Health Ministry has issued warnings against the consumption of instant coffee products found to be adulterated with controlled medicines like sildenafil and tadalafil, despite being labelled and promoted as “natural”.
Several neighbouring countries, including Brunei and Singapore, have also raised alerts regarding such products.
These medicines are used to treat erectile dysfunction and should only be taken under medical supervision because of their potential to cause serious adverse effects.
Improper or unsupervised use of sildenafil and tadalafil can lead to headache, nausea, diarrhoea, muscle pain, palpitations, stroke and priapism (a prolonged and often painful erection that can cause permanent damage if not treated promptly).
Additionally, uncontrolled use of tadalafil can increase the risk of a heart attack and irregular heartbeat.
Such undeclared active ingredients pose serious health risks because they can interact with nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, potentially causing dangerously low blood pressure.
This risk is particularly high among individuals with underlying cardiovascular (heart) conditions who are often prescribed this medicine.
In addition, some instant coffee products may contain additives, preservatives or artificial flavouring agents that are prohibited in certain countries or regions.
Contaminants such as mould or mycotoxins may also be present if the coffee is not properly processed or stored.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin naturally found in various food products, including instant coffee.
It has been shown to have hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and teratogenic effects, i.e. it is harmful to the liver, kidneys and fetuses respectively.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has also classified OTA as possibly carcinogenic (cancer-promoting) to humans.
Another significant concern is the presence of acrylamide – a chemical formed during the roasting process of coffee beans.
Acrylamide has been classified as a potential carcinogen by the IARC.
There is a possibility that instant coffee may contain higher levels of acrylamide compared to freshly ground coffee.
However, researchers note that a person would need to consume an unusually large amount of instant coffee daily – around 10 cups – for acrylamide intake to pose a significant health risk.
Many instant coffee products, particularly those marketed as “3-in-1” or “2-in-1” mixes, often contain added sugar, creamer or flavourings, which can significantly increase their sugar content.
A typical serving of a sweetened instant coffee mix may contain between five to 15 grammes of sugar or more, depending on the brand and formulation.
Furthermore, individuals with milk allergies may face severe allergic reactions due to undisclosed dairy ingredients.
It can be easy to underestimate your sugar intake when you use ‘3-in-1’ or ‘2-in-1’ instant coffee mixes. — dpa
Spotting harmful products
Although the relevant authorities carry out ongoing enforcement and regulatory bodies play a key role in maintaining standards, consumer awareness and careful decision-making remain equally essential.
One of the first steps the public should take is to carefully select the instant coffee products they intend to consume.
They should be particularly wary of those heavily promoted with superlative claims and widely available at local stalls or online.
Instant coffee suspected of being adulterated with harmful substances is often sold at a much higher price per sachet, even in ordinary shops or local stalls.
Individuals who consume these instant coffees may experience side effects such as headaches and migraines shortly after consumption.
Because of these potential side effects, sellers often advise consumers to take the coffee in smaller portions as a way to minimise unwanted side effects.
These products are also commonly marketed with packaging and branding associated with energy enhancement or male sexual performance, reflected either in the product name or packaging design.
Consumers are advised to be cautious of products making exaggerated health claims, as these may possibly contain undisclosed or harmful ingredients.
Individuals experiencing health issues related to sexual function who are hoping for effects from instant coffee promoted with claims of “enhanced energy” or “improved sexual performance” should seek appropriate medical advice and assessment instead. Such products are not a reliable solution.
The Health Ministry has also raised concerns about the hidden sugar content in instant coffee, warning that it can contribute to the rising rates of obesity and diabetes.
Hence, consumers are encouraged to consider sugar-free options, as some brands offer sugar-free or low-sugar instant coffee mixes for those seeking healthier alternatives.
It is important for consumers to carefully check the ingredient lists of instant coffee.
Consumers should remain alert for visible mould or musty odours, which may indicate the presence of harmful contaminants.
Any unusual taste or smell could also suggest contamination.
The public should also stay informed about recent recalls or safety alerts issued by regulatory authorities.
Drink responsibly
Ultimately, enjoying instant coffee responsibly requires balancing convenience with a commitment to health and safety.
Consumers should carefully select products, paying close attention to ingredient lists, certifications and claims that may be exaggerated.
Responsible consumption not only protects personal health, but also allows consumers to make informed choices in a market where instant coffee is widely available at local stalls or online platforms, and often promoted with overstated benefits.
Humaira Hasri is a pharmacist at Klinik Kesihatan Sikamat, Seremban. This article is courtesy of the Health Ministry’s Pharmacy Practice and Development Division. For more information, email starhealth@thestar.com.my. The information provided is for educational and communication purposes only, and should not be considered as medical advice. The Star does not give any warranty on accuracy, completeness, functionality, usefulness or other assurances as to the content appearing in this article. The Star disclaims all responsibility for any losses, damage to property or personal injury suffered directly or indirectly from reliance on such information.
