Governments across the Asia-Pacific region are leading the global charge to protect children from online harms. — AFP
SOME of the toughest new laws attempting to rein in TikTok, Instagram and Snapchat aren’t coming from Washington or Brussels. They are emerging from capitals such as Canberra, Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur.
Governments across the Asia-Pacific region are leading the global charge to protect children from online harms, presenting an unprecedented challenge to the likes of ByteDance Ltd, Meta Platforms Inc and Snap Inc in markets with some of their largest and most youthful user bases.
Australia late last year passed a law requiring social media platforms to keep children under the age of 16 off their services. New Zealand’s governing party last week put forward a bill that mirrors Australia’s move.
Indonesia is formulating restrictions for those under 18 accessing social media.
Malaysia is requiring social media firms to obtain licences to operate in the country, while Singaporean policymakers have signalled they’re open to minimum-age laws.
Meanwhile, Vietnam is requiring foreign social platforms verify their users’ accounts and provide authorities with their identities on demand, and Pakistan wants such firms to register with a new agency.
“I’ve met with parents who have lost and buried their child. It’s devastating,” Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said in November.
“We can’t as a government hear those messages from parents and say it’s too hard. We have a responsibility to act.”
To be sure, it’s unclear how strictly some of the measures will be enforced. And social media titans face headwinds elsewhere, such as the European Commission’s Digital Markets and Digital Services Acts, along with moves by other nations attempting to curb children’s access to the platforms.
In the United States, social media firms have come under fire in some states, but the federal government has yet to pass meaningful legislation requiring they establish more guardrails.
The Senate in July passed the Kids Online Safety Act, which would force companies to prioritise children’s well-being, but the measure has stalled in the House.
Meta faces a landmark antitrust case by the US Federal Trade Commission, while TikTok could be banned in the country.
Meanwhile, one US law firm is pursuing a new legal strategy, focusing on product liability, to hold tech giants accountable for harms to children despite longstanding protections afforded by Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act.
New rules in Asia-Pacific could complicate companies’ operations across the region, said Ewan Lusty, a Singapore-based director at political and regulatory consultancy Flint Global.
“If you’ve got each country implementing their own version of a regulation, then the cost of complying with that will multiply” for technology (tech) firms, he said.
Emerging restrictions
The emerging restrictions also pose a new threat because they could curtail the tech titans’ growth in some of the world’s most populous markets.
South-East Asia is home to more than 650 million people, while South Asia’s population stands at roughly two billion. Young Internet users across the region are expected to play a vital role in propelling digital firms’ expansion in the years to come.
China has for years blocked foreign online platforms, shutting them out of a market of some 1.4 billion people.
In a bid to capitalise on growth across Asia Pacific, Amazon.com Inc, Alphabet Inc’s Google, Microsoft Corp and other tech giants are investing billions of dollars in the region as young users increasingly communicate with friends online, shop, stream video and use generative artificial intelligence.
Slow growth
Social network titans do not typically break out user counts or sales by country, but they often derive most of their revenue from developed economies in the west, where advertisers pay more to reach wealthier consumers. User growth in many richer nations, though, has slowed over the years.
For Meta, South-East and South Asian nations make up significant global shares of Instagram and Facebook user accounts, with those consumers tending to be younger, according to data from digital consulting firm Kepios Pte, which specialises in analysing online behaviour.
Markets across the region also have some of the world’s highest rates of user engagement for Meta’s products, and many citizens depend on Facebook, especially, as a gateway to the Internet. Meta and other firms also often use such countries as testing grounds for new product initiatives.
TikTok’s largest market by users is the United States, but five of its 10 biggest globally are in South-East or South Asia, according to Kepios data.
Snapchat has more than twice as many users in South Asia than in the United States, the data shows.
Controversial law
Australia, which has a track record of battling big tech, in November passed its controversial law banning young children from social media beginning at the end of this year.
Platforms will be responsible for enforcing the age limit, with penalties of as much as A$50mil (US$32mil) for breaches.
While opinion polls have shown that many Australian voters support the new rule in principle, some of the companies, academics and children’s rights groups call it flawed and question how it might be enforced. — Bloomberg
Newley Purnell writes for Bloomberg. The views expressed here are the writer’s own.
