Beating harmful norms: Experts said gender stereotyping had contributed to male victims of sexual crimes staying silent.
PETALING JAYA: Societal notions of masculinity and stigmatisation are among the main factors that see cases of sexual harassment against male victims go unreported, say academics.
Criminologist Datuk Dr P. Sundramoorthy of Universiti Sains Malaysia’s Centre for Policy Research said historically, men have faced significant barriers when it comes to reporting sexual harassment and assault.
He said the barriers include a fear of their claims being doubted, concerns of their masculinity or reputation, and a lack of awareness of the availability of avenues for support or assistance.
“Sexual harassment and assault on men is a complex and multifaceted issue. The psychology behind sexual harassment and assault on men is similar to that of any other form of sexual violence.
“It involves power dynamics, control, and the violation of personal boundaries.
“However, in recent years, we have seen an increasing recognition that men can also be victims,” Sundramoorthy told The Star.
He said increased societal awareness, support and reforms in the legal frameworks will encourage more men to report their ordeal.
“Regardless of the number of cases rising or if male victims have become bolder in reporting their ordeal, it is crucial to provide support and resources for male victims of sexual harassment and assault.
“Removing stigmas, promoting awareness, and ensuring a safe and inclusive environment for all can help encourage more men to come forward and seek justice. Otherwise, under-reporting will lead to an increase in the dark figures of crime,” he said.
Asst Prof Dr Tan Soon Aun of Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman’s department of psychology and counselling said gender stereotyping had in the past led to male victims of sexual crimes suffering in silence and fearful of speaking up.
“It is a ‘lose face’ situation if a man reports it, especially in Asian society where males are expected to be tough and masculine.
“There is a mindset that men are lecherous and women are conservative, leaving her susceptible to sexual harassment.
“However, this can occur the other way too. Nowadays, the subject of sexuality is discussed openly and freely, especially in social media. And we know that even men can end up being harassed sexually, by either gender.
“This is probably why more men are coming forward to lodge police reports,” said Prof Tan.
As for male children and teenagers who face sexual harassment in cyberspace, he said, parents and teachers play a pivotal role and should encourage the youngsters to confide in them.
Prof Tan said parents and teachers should not treat the subject of sex and sexuality as a taboo but freely discuss the matter.
“This will make parents and teachers more approachable. A child who is being harassed by a sexual predator should not suffer in silence as there are trusted adults that he or she can confide in when facing such a situation,” he said.
