Sandwiched between superpowers

THE United States and China are unlikely to undermine Hong Kong’s position as the world’s leading financial centre in their high-stakes jostling for power and influence in the region, according to leading academics from both countries.

Dr Richard Weixing Hu, the University of Macau’s Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences, said that while the stakes are very high for both countries, it is of “vital national interest for China not to let the ‘One Country Two Systems’ arrangement fail”.

Dr William Overholt from Harvard University’s Kennedy School, suggested that while the US policy on Hong Kong, which has included sanctions, is designed to “express disapproval” of the breaches of the city’s Basic Law, it has “no desire to hurt” the people of Hong Kong.

Overholt spent several years working in Hong Kong and was very involved in the island’s transition, meeting frequently with China’s top leaders, especially former Chinese premier Zhu Rongji.

Both academics were optimistic about the future of Hong Kong’s economic and financial sectors.

They were speaking at a webinar on “The Future of Hong Kong & Division of China-US lenses” organised by the Asia News Network, an alliance of 23 national media in 20 Asian countries.

Dr Enze Han from the University of Hong Kong’s Department of Politics and Administration, said that given the 2019 pro-democracy protests didn’t achieve “anything”, and with the National Security Law in place – leading also to a crackdown on the media – it would be better for Hong Kong to keep a low profile and stay out of the disputes between the two superpowers.

He did, however, suggest that the United States could help frustrated Hong Kong youngsters by opening the path to immigration for them. “To be able to emigrate abroad will make much clearer sense for who they (youngsters) are,” he added.

Hu reiterated that China has a strong economic stake in Hong Kong and wants to see its successful integration into the Greater Bay Area. He said the United States also has commercial interests in Hong Kong and wants to use them as an issue to check on and as a bargaining chip to put pressure on Beijing.

Overholt said there is misconception in the United States and West-ern nations, and that they are underestimating public support for the crackdown on rioters in 2019.

“The majority of Hong Kong supported peaceful protests but the violence by a minority was terrible and there was tremendous anger against violent rioters supporting Hong Kong’s independence and waving the British flag and destroying businesses.”

He was, however, wary of China’s trustworthiness following the crackdown on booksellers, the kidnapping of a businessman (during a holiday in Thailand), termination of the working visa of a Financial Times editor and other actions that “broke all the major promises made to the Hong Kong people”.

“All these things have tremendous impacts. The whole Western relationship with Hong Kong depends on sensitive information not leaking to the mainland, and on the functioning of the court system.

“Also, threatening companies whose employees say something Beijing doesn’t like has a tremendous effect on companies’ decisions on whether to have a major presence in Hong Kong.

Most US companies have already moved to Shanghai and more are going. Actually, they feel safer expressing their opinions in Shanghai than in Hong Kong,” Overholt said.

He noted that Hong Kong remains one of the world’s premier financial centres and is likely to grow even stronger with further opening up of the Chinese financial sector and, ironically, with US pressure on Chinese companies listed in New York. If China can succeed in breaking up some of Hong Kong’s oligopolies and monopolies, Hong Kong’s economy could become much more competitive than it is today, he said.

To improve for the future, he suggested that China stop overreacting every time people say the wrong thing politically, banning books, and punishing a schoolchild for singing a song.

“These lead to global publicity, to company HQs asking whether they want to have a big presence in Hong Kong. To maximise Hong Kong’s success is to stop doing these things. They are not necessary for Hong Kong’s security, not necessary for China’s security.”

Hu, meanwhile, lamented that US-China relations were likely to worsen before they get better, as each side is driven by domestic political forces. In the United States, it is Congress and interest groups, in China, it is the rise of nationalism.

“Hong Kong is a very hot issue. Washington will continue to use it to demonise China and try to pressure Beijing and showcase the latter’s behaviour against the rule-based international order.”

He said Beijing has become very defensive and is trying to defend its commitment to the One Country Two Systems arrangement. With the National Security Law, it is trying to change things on the ground, and calm has returned to the city.

“But it will take a long time for the return of hearts. Whether young people will choose to identify with China, it will take time.”

He warned that the United States will only hurt itself by increasing sanctions, while any effort to delink Hong Kong from the United States or from the HK dollar would also end up hurting the Americans. – Asia News Network

Pana Janviroj is the executive editor of the Asia News Network.