In traditional Chinese medicine, diabetic retinopathy is caused by a deficiency of yin

Tui na, or Chinese therapeutic massage, can be used for treatment, instead of acupuncture, if the patient is afraid of needles.

The eye is unique in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as it has its own unique diagnostic tool called the five-wheel pattern differentiation.

According to Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, China, associate chief physician Dr Song Yi, the five wheels consist of the wind, qi, blood, flesh and water wheels, which correspond to particular parts of the eye. (See pg1)