The ovaries produce the female hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which exert their effects on the reproductive tract by playing a significant role in ovulation, implantation, maintenance of pregnancy, childbirth and breast feeding.
Oestrogen also plays important physiological roles in the urinary tract, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, immune system and bones. Its biological effects are found in cells that express oestrogen receptors which are found in many parts of the body like the reproductive and urinary tracts, breast, heart, brain, and skin. At menopause, the ovary stops producing female hormones. So there are effects felt in many parts of the body because of the ubiquitous effects of the hormones.
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