Google barely took a scratch from three European Union antitrust probes that lasted nearly a decade and cost it more than €9bil (RM44.21bil). Regulators are still struggling with how to tackle anti-competitive behaviour, a lesson the US needs to learn.
Three years ago, the EU blasted out a then-record-breaking fine together with an order for Google to stop favoring its own shopping ads. A year later Google got an even bigger penalty and a demand to stop pushing its search and web-browser apps onto Android mobile phones. The company was fined a third time last year and continues to face EU scrutiny.