An indigenous girl prepares to take part in a ritual during the final and most symbolic day of the Wyra’whaw coming-of-age festival at the Ramada ritual centre, in the Tenetehar Wa Tembe village, located in the Alto Rio Guama indigenous territory in Para state, Brazil. — AP
THE indigenous adolescents danced in a circle under the thatched-roof hut from nearly dawn to dusk while parents looked on from the perimeter.
Some of the adults smoked tobacco mixed with the wood from a local tree in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest.
The seemingly endless loop of the procession, which took place over six long days, left some Tembé Tenehara youngsters with swollen and bandaged feet.
They received little to eat and spent each night sleeping in hammocks slung in the hut. But in the Alto Rio Guama territory, it is all part of a vital rite of passage known as “Wyra’whaw”.
Girls taking part in the coming-of-age ritual had already had their first period. Boys’ voices had begun to slip into lower registers. Upon the final day, the girls and boys would be viewed by the Teko-Haw village as women and men, and assume their roles leading the community into an uncertain future.
Jenipapo ink used for body painting during the coming-of-age festival. — AP
“We know of other ethnic (indigenous) groups in Brazil that have already lost their culture, their tradition, their language. So we have this concern,” said Sergio Muti Tembé, leader of the Tembé people in the territory. Indigenous people in the Brazilian Amazon customarily adopt their ethnic group’s name as their surname.
Their culture has been increasingly threatened over recent years. The Alto Rio Guama territory is a 280,000ha triangle of preserved forest surrounded by severely logged landscape in the northeastern Amazon, home to 2,500 people of the Tembé, Timbira and Kaapor ethnicities.
But it has also been occupied by some 1,600 non-indigenous settlers. Some of those invaders have been there for decades. Many log the territory’s trees or grow marijuana, according to public prosecutors in Para state.
The local indigenous people already patrol and try to expel outsiders themselves. With limited capacity and authority, however, they have been eager for help.
State and federal authorities last month put into motion a plan to remove the outsiders. The operation represents the first effort under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to remove landgrabbers, following an initiative to remove illegal gold miners from the Yanomami people’s territory.
Authorities threatened forcible expulsion of settlers who failed to leave, and pledged to eliminate access roads and irregular installations, according to a prosecutors’ statement detailing plans. As of June 19, 90% of settlers had voluntarily departed, with rain-ravaged roads impeding the rest, according to a statement from the general secretariat of Brazil’s presidency.
“The expectation is that, by the end of the week, we can complete the total eviction,” Nilton Tubino, the operation’s coordinator, was quoted as saying in the statement.
Indigenous boys preparing to take part in the ritual. — AP
Sergio Muti Tembé, the leader, said the government’s effort came not a moment too soon, and that his people are hopeful it will ensure the future of both their land and their customs.
On the second to last day of the Wyra’whaw ritual, mothers painted their children’s bodies with the juice of the genipap fruit. Within hours, it had dyed their skin black; girls were transformed from head to toe, while boys exhibited designs and an upside-down triangle across the lower half of their face, almost resembling a beard.
The following morning, each adorned adolescent was given a white headband with dangling feathers. Pairs of boys and girls locked arms as they skipped barefoot around villagers gathered in the circle’s centre, and made their final approach to adulthood. — AP
