A dead axayacatl, a type of water bug, floats on the waters of Lake Texcoco. The insect eggs are consumed as ahuautle. — Photos: AP
In a shallow lake on the outskirts of Mexico City, a handful of farmers still harvest the eggs of an evasive, fingertip-size water bug in a bid to keep alive a culinary tradition dating at least to the Aztec empire.
Caviar is typically associated with sturgeons swimming in the Caspian Sea, but the Mexican version is made from the tiny eggs of an aquatic insect of the corixidae family, also known as the “bird fly”, because birds like to eat it. Similar bugs are often known as “water boatmen” in English, because of the way they seem to row in ponds and streams.
The bug, which only occasionally surfaces before diving again in a trail of bubbles, would not look like food to most, but it was once important to the people of the Valley of Mexico.
For Juan Hernandez, a farmer from San Cristobal Nezquipayac, cultivating and collecting the tiny insect eggs known as “ahuautle” (pronounced a-wa-woot-lay) – meaning water amaranth in Nahua – is a way of life.
Juan Hernandez entering Lake Texcoco to collect ‘Mexican caviar’, near Mexico City, recently. He wades through calf-high waters towards the pine branches he had poked into the muddy lakebed the week before, where the bird-fly bugs deposit their eggs, which he collects.
“For me, more than anything, it means tradition,” said the 59-year-old Hernandez. He is one of only six people known to still harvest ahuautle, at least in the Texcoco area; they fear they may be the last.
The painstaking collection of “Mexican caviar”, known for its intense but delicate flavour, is threatened by the drying out of Lake Texcoco, development around the lakeshore and waning interest in the ingredient among younger generations, said Jorge Ocampo, agrarian history coordinator at the Center for Economic, Social and Technological Research on Agribusiness and World Agriculture in Mexico State.
Ocampo called the dish’s survival an example of “community resistance”, similar to the way in which inhabitants around Lake Texcoco – a shallow, saline lake that once covered most of the eastern half of the Mexico City valley – have managed to preserve other traditions, festivals and ceremonies.Painstaking work
For Hernandez, it’s hard, dirty work that few are willing to do anymore.
Dressed in a hat, long-sleeved shirt, shorts and rubber boots, Hernandez wades through the calf-high waters of Nabor Carrillo – a smallish lake formed from the remnants of Texcoco – to collect pine branches he had poked into the muddy lakebed the week before.
The branches serve as an anchor for the bird-fly bugs to deposit their eggs.
Under a blazing sun and accompanied by the calls of hundreds of herons, plovers and other migratory birds that stop at the lakes, Hernandez gathers dozens of egg-coated sticks and lays them on a raft of styrofoam.
“We look for them along the edges of the lake, where the flies are more active,” Hernandez said. He started as a young man, after a period of joblessness, joining about four dozen other local residents who used to work the lakes during the ahuautle season – the rainy period from June through September.
After about two hours, Hernandez has gathered a heap of sticks covered with thousands of bird-fly eggs.
He returns to the edge of the lake to lay the sticks out to dry in the sun, which can take several hours or days, depending on the weather.
“Cleaning is a process that takes a lot of work,” said Hernandez, as he rubs his hand over the sticks to remove the eggs, which he then places on a piece of cloth.
Later, he takes the eggs home and runs them through a sieve to remove any bits of pine bark or mud. Then he packs them in bags he offers for sale.
While Hernandez takes care of collecting the eggs, restaurant owner Gustavo Guerrero serves them to customers at his eatery in the east-side borough of Iztapalapa.
One of Guerrero’s favourite recipes is to mix the ahuautle with breadcrumbs and bind them with eggs to form a croquette, which he then fries and serves with green tomatillo sauce, nopal cactus and squash flowers – all pre-Hispanic ingredients.
“Eating this is like revisiting the past,” said Guerrero, 61. He says the flavour of the ahuautle reminds him of his childhood, when his mother cooked the dish according to a recipe she learned from her grandmother.
Pumpkin flowers are prepared to accompany a pre-Hispanic recipe made with ahuautle, known as Mexican caviar, at a restaurant in Iztapalapa, near Mexico City, recently.
But Guerrero acknowledges that “Mexican caviar” is at risk of disappearing because younger generations aren’t familiar with the dish, and ever-fewer people harvest it in the scarce remaining lakes where it is found.
Ahuautle is also at risk of becoming only a gourmet dish for the rich: A kilogram of the eggs can sell for the equivalent of US$50 (RM235).
Insects, their eggs and larvae have been a part of Mexico’s cuisine for hundreds or thousands of years. Edday Farfan, an entomologist at Mexico’s National Autonomous University, said there are more than 430 species of edible insects in Mexico.
Farfan has been studying bird flies since 2016, and even has one tattooed on his arm.
Farfan said indigenous peoples living around the lakes adopted the insect eggs as a source of protein because prior to the Spanish conquest of 1521, they had few domesticated animals or livestock.
But now, Farfan said, the dish “is associated with the countryside, perhaps with poverty, as if it were an undesirable protein.”
Even those still familiar with ahuautle often consider the insects that produce it to be feed for chickens or turkeys, and may think of it literally as “for the birds”.
Ahuautle is known as Mexican caviar.
With the odds stacked against it, there is no guarantee that Mexican caviar will even be a choice for future generations.
“There are a lot of kids, young people who don’t eat it anymore, they don’t like it,” Hernandez admits.
“Now we are just keeping ahuautle alive,” he said. “I hope it doesn’t disappear, because it is a source in income for those of us who live off the land.” – AP
