SINGAPORE: A year ago, after oil prices had halved in six months, analysts were forecasting a price recovery in 2015 while many traders were busy shorting the market.
As it turned out, the traders were correct and oil prices fell by another third this year. Analysts have now forecast a pick-up in prices over 2016, while traders built short positions on US oil futures to a record in early December.
The difference in the two views is on what happens in response to an oil output surplus that has been estimated as high as two million barrels per day (bpd) by some analysts.
Many analysts expect a price recovery towards the end of 2016 to pull up the average for the full year, with production - especially in the United States - falling as drillers succumb to debt and low revenues.
But traders say analysts based their outlooks for 2015 on similar reasoning and are calling it wrong again for 2016, with oil producers cutting costs to both survive over the long haul and keep pumping oil at low prices to service debt.
"The party (of past high oil prices) is over, at least for the next two to three years," said Oystein Berentsen, managing director of crude oil at trading company Strong Petroleum in Singapore, arguing that oil companies have cut costs to get ready to live with lower prices for years to come.
With markets tanking in December, and Brent hitting an 11-year low just under US$36 per barrel, some analysts are also starting to show signs of reviewing their forecasts.
US investment bank Morgan Stanley said in its latest note, published before Christmas and headlined "Headwinds Growing for 2016 Oil", that "the hope for a rebalancing in 2016 continues to suffer serious setbacks".
Still, analysts would have to lower their forecasts sharply to reverse expectations for a price recovery in 2016. The latest Reuters survey of 31 analysts showed an average price forecast for Brent for next year at US$57.95 a barrel, more than US$20 above current prompt market values.
And most analysts hold to the idea that production cuts will turn the market around in the coming year.
"We are likely getting closer to a more balanced market," said Ric Spooner, chief market analyst at CMC Markets, adding that he expected Brent to average US$45 a barrel while warning that there would be high volatility.
Yet the market is showing few signs of faith in a recovery even in late 2016.
The Brent forward curve shows a price increase of under US$7 per barrel between contracts for delivery in February 2016 and those expiring in the following December, a much narrower spread than in previous downturns and reflecting little trust in any increase over the year, traders said.
Meanwhile, the average value for monthly 2016 Brent contracts is US$40.89 per barrel, just US$3.50 above current prices and well below the analysts' forecasts for the year's average.
The US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) forward curve is almost the same, already factoring in a flip into a premium over Brent that reappeared for the first time in years this month, but which has yet to be reflected in most analyst forecasts.
Over 2015, Brent and WTI crude prices have averaged US$53.60 and US$48.76 per barrel, respectively, as of Dec 31.
Out of the pool of analysts polled by Reuters on their outlooks around a year ago, the forecast that came closest to those numbers was Citigroup's, with expectations that Brent and WTI in 2015 would average US$63 and US$55 per barrel.
All other forecasts expected prices to recover more steeply, only to see the market extend the rout that began in June 2014 for another 12 months. - Reuters
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