Can K-pop break free from ‘fandom’ model?

K-pop’s global success is undeniable, but the industry's reliance on fans for profit has raised concerns about its long-term viability. - AFP

SEOUL: Long-time K-pop fan Lee Eun-soo, 25, has been buying albums and merchandise, as well as streaming music – all part of what it means to be a loyal K-pop fan.

But she is sceptical about the industry’s sustainability, pointing out that the agencies behind the stars place too many financial demands on fans.