Last year, I visited the sprawling mines of Cerro Rico, the "rich hill" that looms over Potosi, Bolivia. Four centuries ago, it supplied the silver that bankrolled the Spanish empire.
Today, miners who work in the same tunnels as 16th century conscripted Incan labourers are providing tin for Apple products like the iPhone. It's a powerful paradox – our most cutting-edge consumer devices are made from raw material obtained by methods barely advanced beyond colonial times.
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